A Key to Costa Rican Maxillaria and a Checklist with Accepted Synonymies
John T. Atwood The following checklist and key to Maxillaria is abstracted from a treatment to be submitted to the Field Museum of Natural History. In the hard copy version, lectotypes and neotypes will be selected to clarify the nomenclature. Viewers are encouraged to send comments to the author. Maxillaria Ruíz & Pavón REFERENCES--J. T. Atwood. A revision of the Maxillaria neglecta complex (Orchidaceae) in Mesoamerica. Lindleyana 8:25--31. 1993. J. T. Atwood. Two new species of Maxillaria (Orchidaceae) from southern Central America and a new name for a well-known taxon. Lindleyana 9:227--231. 1994. J. T. Atwood. Two new Costa Rican species of Maxillaria (Orchidaceae) related to Maxillaria flava and Maxillaria microphyton. Lindleyana 9:232--237. 1994. J. T. Atwood. Two new species of Costa Rican Maxillaria (Orchidaceae), and a clarification of Maxillaria bracteata. Lindleyana 9: 239--242. 1994. J. T. Atwood. Two overlooked species of Maxillaria from Central America. Selbyana 16: 242--245. 1995. K. Senghas. Subtribus: Maxillariinae. In R. Schlechter. Die Orchideen 29:1727--1803. 1994.
Maxillaria is a neotropical genus of at least 460 species with 106 in Costa Rica. The genus is best recognized by the combination of conduplicate leaves, apparently 1-flowered scapose inflorescences, presence of column foot, four pollinia supported on a short to long stipe, and distinct, usually horseshoe-shaped viscidium. Phylogenetics of Maxillariinae Clearly, much needs to be done to improve genera realignment in the Maxillariinae. Key to the Species of Maxillaria 1a. Plants always with canes that lack pseudobulbs; pseudobulbs if present restricted to base of plant................................2 2a. Leaf blades >=30 cm, <1 cm wide; plant pendent.........M. lueri 2b. Blades if 30 cm long then much wider; plant various...........3 3a. Leaf axils never with more than one scape...................4 4a. Sepals >1.6 cm long, at least some leaves >1.5 cm wide....5 5a. Sepals <2 cm long..............................M. alfaroi b. Sepals >2.5 cm long...........................M. inaudita 4a. Sepals <1.5 cm long; leaves <1.3 cm wide..................6 6a. Lip spatulate, midlobe >2X wider than isthmus..............M. valerioi 6b. Lip not as above........................................7 7a. Ovary >2.5 cm long......................M. linearifolia 7b. Ovary <1.5 cm long....................................8 8a. Leaves elliptic, thin; plants pendent ...........M. appendiculoides 8b. Leaves lanceolate, chartaceous; plants usually stiffly erect...........M. dendrobioides 3b. At least some leaf axils with more than one scape...........9 9a. Column (excluding operculum) <=4 mm long.................10 10a. Ratio: foot length/column length <0.2.................11 11a. Leaves >3 cm wide.........................M. trilobata 11b. Leaves <2 cm wide...................................12 12a. Leaves acute; column about 2 mm long..M. adendrobium 12b. Leaves obtuse and unequally 2-lobate; column about 4 mm long........M. nicaraguensis 10b. Ratio: foot length/column length >=0.2................13 13a. Sepals >1.1 cm long.................................14 14a. Lip forming a sharp angle with column foot and usually readily movable..............15 15a. Leaves lanceolate, sessile, <2 cm wide..........16 16a. Sepals and petals yellow, column <=2.5 mm long excluding operculum and foot...........M. parvilabia 16b. Sepals and petals brick red to brown or green, column >4 mm long........................M. tonduzii 15b. Leaves elliptic, long petiolate, >3 cm wide.......M. trilobata 14b. Lip continuous with column foot, more or less rigid, not forming a sharp angle.............................17 17a. Lip with simple callus at base lacking adornments..............M. biolleyi 17b. Lip with keels, papillae or warts at base in addition to fleshy callus...........................18 18a. Tepals greenish, reddish, or brownish...........M. tonduzii 18b. Tepals lavender to white......................19 19a. Lip subsaccate, ovary <=11 mm long..M. adolphii 19b. Lip not saccate, ovary >11 mm long............M. quadrata 13b. Sepals <1 cm long...................................20 20a. Lip with a pair of rounded lobes at base.........M. conduplicata 20b. Lip lacking side lobes............................21 21a. Flowers blood-red and yellow............M. fulgens 21b. Flowers mauve to whitish or lavender...M. pittieri 9b. The same >=4.5 mm long....................................22 22a. Ratio: foot length/column (less operculum) length >0.3; stem branches somewhat swollen at ends....................23 23a. Ratio: midlobe (suborbicular)/lip <=1/4....M. exaltata 23b. Ratio: midlobe (lance-ovate)/lip >=1/3...M. meridensis 22b. Ratio: foot length/column (less operculum) length <=0.25, stem branches never swollen at apex.......................24 24a. Column >=7 mm long..................................25 25a. Column (without operculum) 7.5--8 mm long...........M. falcata 25b. Column 9--10 mm long (without operculum), lip keeled on callus...................M. amabilis 25c. Column 13--15 mm long (without operculum), lip not keeled (very shortly so in plants from Panama)..........M. monteverdensis 24b. Column <6 mm long...................................26 26a. Leaves <1.5 cm wide.................M. nicaraguensis 26b. Leaves >3.5 cm wide.....................M. trilobata 1b. Plants various but canes (if present) with pseudobulbs.........27 27a. Plants with apically >=2-foliate pseudobulbs................28 28a. Plants with upright, decumbent or pendent, aerial canes...29 29a. Largest leaves 6 cm long; sepals <12 mm long............30 30a. Flowers dark purple........................M. ponerantha 30b. Flowers greenish to white, lip with red stain..........M. acervata 29b. Largest leaves >10 cm long..............................31 31a. Flowers red to orange.........................M. elatior 31b. Flowers white to yellow...............................32 32a. Sepals and petals long-attenuate, <=4 mm wide.........M. ctenostachya 32b. Sepals and petals oblong-elliptic, >5 mm wide.........M. camaridii 28b. Plants often creeping, but never with aerial canes........33 33a. Column 9--11 mm long...................M. friedrichsthalii 33b. Column 12--14 mm long.......................M. scorpioidea 33c. Column >1.5 cm long............................M. aciantha 27b. Plants if with pseudobulbs, then apically 1-foliate.........34 34a. Plants with distinct rhizomes or canes separating pseudobulbs; usually some rhizomes aerial..................Key 1 34b. Plants distinctly caespitose, lacking elongate rhizomes or canes......................................................Key 2 Key 1 Rhizomes or canes with pseudobulbs, some aerial 1a. Lateral sepals partially united beyond column foot..............2 2a. Leaves distinctly elliptic and obtuse; infls. usually forming all along most recently matured rhizome, not just at pseudobulb base.....M. brevilabia 2b. Leaves lanceolate or linear, always acute; inflorscences fasciculate only at pseudobulb base.............3 3a. Lateral lobes of lip suborbicular when viewed from the side .....................................M. concavilabia 3b. Lateral lobes otherwise; subquadrate, elliptic or nearly absent.........................................................4 4a. Lateral lobes of lip reduced to auricles at base of midlobe, base forming a distinct claw........................5 5a. Flowers orange to red; column foot longer than column......................................M. horichii 5b. Flowers white or off-white, lip with yellow midlobe; column foot equal to or shorter than column....M. parviflora 4b. Lateral lobes of lip conspicuous and extending to column foot, base not forming a distinct claw.......................6 6a. Lip when spread 3--4 mm across; flowers always white, lip white with yellow midlobe; habitat below 1200 m.................M. neglecta 6b. Lip when spread (4.5)5--7 mm across; flowers various colors; habitat above 900 m................M. pseudoneglecta 1b. Lateral sepals not united beyond column foot....................7 7a. Elongate stem apex somewhat swollen, but rarely forming distinct pseudobulb which, if present, is concealed by leaf sheaths.........8 8a. Sepals and petals >1.5 cm...................................9 9a. Ratio: midlobe (suborbicular)/lip <=1/4.........M. exaltata 9b. Ratio: midlobe (lance-ovate)/lip >=1/3........M. meridensis 8b. Sepals <1.1 cm long........................................10 10a. Lip with pair of rounded lobes at base.....M. conduplicata 10b. Lip lacking side lobes..................................11 11a. Flowers blood-red and yellow..................M. fulgens 11b. Flowers mauve to whitish or lavender.........M. pittieri 7b. Stem apex clearly modified into pseudobulb (M. schistotele, known only from type photos and original description, cannot be taken further.)..........12 12a. Sheaths subtending pseudobulbs lacking blades or articulations...............................13 13a. Pseudobulbs <1.4 cm long; column foot about as long as column; leaves subterete..............M. uncata 13b. Pseudobulbs >1.5 cm long; foot much shorter than column; leaves never subterete.....................14 14a. Sepals >1.7 cm long...................................15 15a. Leaves <9 mm wide; flowers basically red, the lip simple, not at all 3-lobate..............16 16a. Lip apex white spotted with reddish maroon..........M. tenuifolia 16b. Lip apex whitish, suffused with red or rose.........M. sanguinea 15b. Leaves >=1 cm wide; flowers yellow or striped, not red, lip clearly 3-lobate....................................17 17a. Flowers yellow; sepals >=3 cm long......M. planicola 17b. Flowers translucent striped with maroon; sepals <2.9 cm long..................................M. tigrina 14b. Sepals <1.5 cm long...................................18 18a. Sepals <8 mm long......................M. caespitifica 18b. Sepals >8 mm long...................................19 19a. Flowers orange-yellow with red on lip..M. variabilis 19b. Flowers green stained with red, especially lip.....M. costaricensis 12b. Sheath(s) at base of pseudobulb foliaceous or at least with articulation.........................20 20a. Column less operculum >=1.7 cm long..............M. haberi 20b. Column less operculum <1.7 cm long......................21 21a. Petiole of foliaceous bracts abruptly narrowed above articulation and/or leaf <2 mm wide...............22 22a. Leaf apex rounded to emarginate; neither acute, acuminate nor obtuse, or if otherwise lf. <2 mm wide....23 23a. Leaves terete, <2 mm in diam............M. muscoides 23b. Leaves not terete, >2 mm wide.....................24 24a. Midlobe >2/3 length of lip......................25 25a. Pseudobulbs elongate, >=2X longer than wide...26 26a. Pseudobulbs distinctly grooved or fluted, ratio lip length/sepal length <3/5........M. flava 26b. Pseudobulbs not grooved, ratio lip length/sepal length >3/5........................27 27a. Sepals >1.1 cm long.............M. lankesteri 27b. Sepals <1 cm long................M. wercklei 25b. Pseudobulbs <2X longer than wide......M. burgeri 24b. Midlobe <2/3 length of lip..........M. microphyton 22b. Lf. apex acute to acuminate, rarely obtuse and shortly acuminate...............................................28 28a. Column foot >=1/2 column length less operculum, clearly differentiated from base of lip..M. tubercularis 28b. Column foot <1/2 column length, often poorly differentiated from base of lip.......................29 29a. Column less operculum >6 mm long................30 30a. Column less operculum <11 mm long...M. sigmoidea 30b. Column less operculum >13 mm long...M. vaginalis 29b. Column less operculum <6 mm long................31 31a. Column less operculum <2 mm long........M. minor 31b. Column less operculum >2.5 mm long............32 32a. Flowers purple to reddish...........M. paleata 32b. Flowers pink, lavender, white or yellowish..33 33a. Lower quarter of lip subsaccate; midlobe <1/2 lip; flowers light lavender to white..............M. schlechteriana 33b. Lower quarter of lip not at all saccate; midlobe >1/2 lip; flowers yellowish to pinkish.. M. dichotoma 21b. Petiole not abruptly narrowed above articulation; leaves >=2 mm wide...........................34 34a. Blades of rhizome sheaths subtending fls. appearing half-lyre shaped from side; lip 3-lobate on apical 1/3....35 35a. Sepals and petals pure white........................36 36a. All leaves <=1.8 cm.....................M. camaridii 36b. Some, if not all leaves >=1.8 cm..................37 37a. Lip when spread wider than long......M. ampliflora 37b. Lip when spread narrower than long...M. suaveolens 35b. Sepals and petals otherwise.........................38 38a. Column <6 mm long......................M. umbratilis 38b. Column >6 mm long.................................39 39a. Lip when spread wider than long.................40 40a. Sepals >3.4 cm long................M. ampliflora 40b. Sepals <3.3 cm long.................M. bradeorum 39b. Lip when spread narrower than long..M. campanulata 34b. Sheaths various, but not appearing half-lyre shaped from side; lip mostly simple, or 3-lobate below the apical 1/3.................41 41a. Sepals >=1.7 cm long................................42 42a. Leaves <=1 cm wide.....................M. oreocharis 42b. Leaves >=1.1 cm wide, or if narrower then obtuse..43 43a. Plant with distinctly foliaceous bracts subtending pseudodulb..........................................44 44a. Column less operculum <6 mm long..............45 45a. Ovary trigonous; fruit 3-alate....M. gomeziana 45b. Ovary terete, fruit not 3-alate...M. bracteata 44b. Column less operculum >6 mm long..............46 46a. Midlobe of lip suborbicular, serrulate........M. serrulata 46b. Midlobe of lip otherwise....................47 47a. Flowers white with yellow lip...M. camaridii 47b. Flowers orange to red or purple...........48 48a. Ovary with pedicel >3 cm long...M. elatior 48b. Ovary with pedicel <2 cm long..............M. tubercularis 43b. Bract at base of pseudobulb usually with articulation but rarely with a distinct broadened blade; lip not serrulate................49 49a. Flowers clearly white with yellow on lip........M. alba 49b. Flowers green, whitish, or yellowish...M. anceps 41b. Sepals <1.6 cm long.................................50 50a. Youngest rhizome concealed by several foliaceous sheaths with fully developed blades...................51 51a. Flowers dark purple................M.cf.ponerantha 51b. Flowers light green with red stain on lip.........M. acervata 50a. Youngest rhizome concealed by 0--3 blade bearing sheaths, rest non-blade bearing.......................52 52a. Leaves never obtuse and deeply emarginate, larger >7 cm long..........................................53 53a. Flowers red with yellow lip...........M. fulgens 53b. Flowers otherwise.............................54 54a. Leaves >1.2 cm wide, scapes appearing precociously on new shoots.............M. diuturna 54b. Leaves <1.1 cm wide, scapes appearing at base of mature shoots.....................M. oreocharis 52b. Leaves obtuse and deeply emarginate, <6 cm long, elliptic............................................55 55a. Sepals >11 mm long.................M. lankesteri 55b. Sepals <9 mm long....................M. wercklei
Key 2 No conspicuous rhizomes or canes
1a. Shoots with >=3 leaves arranged in fan, or if pseudobulbs present, always with >=3 subtending, foliaceous sheaths, leaves never broadly elliptic with petiole <=3 mm broad..............2
2a. Plants with conspicuous pseudobulbs...........................3 3a. Sepals <2.2 cm long............................M. crassifolia 3b. Sepals 2.3--2.6 cm long..........................M. maleolens 3c. Sepals >3 cm long...................................M. nasuta 2b. Plants lacking pseudobulbs, or these hidden by foliaceous sheaths.............4 4a. Plant pendent, psygmoid, hand-like; lvs. equitant, iris-like.......M. valenzuelana 4b. Plant and lf. otherwise.....................................5 5a. Column foot longer than column..............M. angustissima 5b. Column foot shorter than column...........................6 6a. Leaves not abruptly narrowed above the articulation, thick, obtuse...........M. crassifolia 6b. Leaves abruptly narrowed above articulation, thin, distinctly acute...........................7 7a. Leaves <=1.3 cm wide with unspotted sheaths, flowers wine red...................M. cf. bicallosa 7b. Leaves >1.7 cm wide with spotted sheaths, flowers yellow....................M. chartacifolia 1b. Shoots always with pseudobulbs, rarely with 3 foliaceous sheaths at base..................8 8a. No broadened, foliaceous sheaths subtending pseudobulbs, although articulations sometimes present (rarely in M. alba or M. oreocharis)...............9 9a. Scape included within subtending rhizome bract.............10 10a. Flowers pure white with yellow on lip..............M. alba 10b. Flowers otherwise.......................................11 11a. Sepals >=1.8 cm long..................................12 12a. Leaf <4 mm wide, linear, not petiolate....M. sanguinea 12b. Leaf >1 cm wide, elliptic, long-petiolate....................M. longipetiola 11b. Sepals <1.8 cm long...................................13 13a. Sepals <8 mm long......................M. caespitifica 13b. Sepals >8 mm long...................................14 14a. Flowers orange-yellow with red on lip...................................M. variabilis 14b. Flowers green stained with red, especially lip..................................M. costaricensis 9b. Scape exerted beyond subtending rhizome bract..............15 15a. Leaves <1.1 cm wide.....................................16 16a. Sepals partially united beyond column foot...M. strumata 16b. Sepals not so united..................................17 17a. Leaves <12 cm long........................M. piestopus 17b. Leaves >12 cm long..................................18 18a. Flowers with spreading sepals, column >1 cm long.....................................M. sanguinea 18b. Flowers campanulate; column <1 cm long...........................................M. oreocharis 15b. Leaves >=1.1 cm wide....................................19 19a. Petals lanceolate, distinctly broadest on the lower 1/4.....................................................20 20a. Midlobe of lip fleshy, black, reflexed and forming an angle about 90 with base.....................M. longiloba 20b. Midlobe yellow and white, often with purple spots, neither black, nor so reflexed..........................21 21a. Flowers >=2 per rhizome bract; lip <1.6 cm long..............................................M. ringens 21b. Flowers 1 (--2?) per rhizome bract; lip >2 cm long..................................................22 22a. Pseudobulbs usually truncate apically; sepals >=5.5 cm long............................. M. endresii 22b. Pseudobulbs usually conic, not truncate; sepals <=5 cm long.........................M. angustisegmenta 19b. Petals various, but not broadest on lower 1/4.........23 23a. Midlobe of lip <=1/3 as long as lip.................24 24a. Lip apex reflexed, black, lance-ovate...M. longiloba 24b. Lip apex straight, sometimes with purple spots, not black.................................................25 25a. Pseudobulb suborbicular, small and hidden by subtending bracts......................M. cryptobulbon 25b. Pseudobulb ovoid, emerging from subtending bracts........................................M. brunnea 23b. Midlobe of lip >1/3 length of lip...................26 26a. Petals distinctly spatulate or oblanceolate............................................M. piestopus 26b. Petals distinctly not spatulate or oblanceolate...27 27a. Inflorescence shorter than pseudobulb...........28 28a. Petiole >=1/4 as long as blade.M. longipetiolata 28b. Petiole <1/4 as long as blade.................29 29a. Sepals and petals maroon to brown...................................M. dressleriana 29b. Sepals and petals cream-white to yellow.....30 30a. Lip orange......................M. hedwigiae 30b. Lip yellow with red stripe up center...................................M. acutifolia 30c. Lip otherwise, usually yellow with red dots or stained dark................M. aff. rufescens 27b. Inflorescence longer than pseudobulb............31 31a. Lip orange, midlobe broadly lanceolate........................................M. hedwigiae 31b. Lip red, purplish,or cream spotted with maroon, midlobe ovate (cucullata group)...................32 32a. Flowers with sepals and petals stained with purple; midlobe of lip with truncate to emarginate callus..............M cf. obscura 32b. Flowers with lines of purple dots on sepals and petals, lip usually dark red or maroon........................M. punctostriata 32c. Flowers with white sepals and petals, lip cream spotted with maroon...........M. cedralensis 8b. Pseudobulb subtended by >=1 foliaceous sheath, at least when young..............................33 33a. Sepals >10 cm long..........................M. rodrigueziana 33b. Sepals <10 cm long........................................34 34a. Foot at least as long as column less operculum..........35 35a. Sepals <2.7 cm long...................................36 36a. Flowers held much higher than shoots; lip twice length of foot plus column less operculum............M. attenuata 36b. Flowers much shorter than shoots; lip not much longer than foot plus column less operculum....................37 37a. Anther bed lacerate; lateral sepals attenuate, >=1.8 cm long.................................M. confusa 37b. Anther bed not at all lacerate; lateral sepals not attenuate, <=1.8 cm long...................M. ramonensis 35b. Sepals >2.8 cm long...................................38 38a. Leaves with large, white spots......M. reichenheimiana 38b. Leaves lacking such spots...........................39 39a. Sepals >=5.5 cm long...............M. arachnitiflora 39b. Sepals <=5 cm long.....................M. pachyacron 34b. Foot shorter than column................................40 40a. Lip subentire to indistinctly 3-lobate.....M. chionantha 40b. Lip distinctly and deeply 3-lobate near the apex 41a. Sepals >=1.4 cm long................................42 42a. Sepals >=3.5 cm long; flowers generally held higher than the shoots............................M. pachyacron 42b. Sepals <=3 cm long; flowers much shorter than shoots......................................................43 43a. Plants <12 cm tall, ovary with pedicel <1.7 cm long...................................M. brachybulbon 43b. Plants >25 cm tall, ovary with pedicel >2.5 cm long...................................M. cryptobulbon 41b. Sepals <=1.3 cm long................................44 44a. Sepals <6 mm long, column foot nearly absent........................................M. vittariifolia 44b. Sepals >8 mm long, column foot nearly as long as column........................................M. acostae Maxillaria acervata Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3:217. 1855. TYPE: Costa Rica, “Ad Suru[n]gnes”, Oersted s.n.(K). Maxillaria foliosa Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8:60. 1925. TYPE: Costa Rica, C. H. Lankester 478 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria aciantha Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10:858. 1852. TYPE: Costa Rica, J. de Warszewicz s.n. (not seen). Lycaste aciantha (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f., Bonplandia 3:216. 1855. Maxillaria acostae Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:301. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, near San Ramón, Acosta s.n. (AMES 40543, . Maxillaria acutifolia Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 25: misc. 92. 1839. TYPE: Demerara, Loddiges s.n. (Holotype: K). Not Maxillaria acutifolia Schltr. Maxillaria adendrobium (Rchb.f.) Dressler, Taxon 13:248. 1964. Ponera adendrobium Rchb.f., Flora 48:278. 1865. TYPE: Cuba, Wright 1697 (Isotypes: AMES 6081; AMES 6082) Pleuranthium adendrobium (Rchb.f.) Benth. & Hook. f., J. Linn. Soc. 18:312. 1881. Neourbania adendrobium (Rchb.f.) Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 47:125. 1909. Maxillaria adolphii Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:18. 1943. Camaridium adolphii Schltr. (nom. illeg.), Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:58. 1923. Ornithidium tonduzii Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3:250--251. 1907. TYPE: Costa Rica, on the banks of the Rio Angel (Poas), Tonduz 10770 (US; drawing of type: AMES). Not Maxillaria tonduzii (Schltr.) Ames & Correll. 1943. Not Camaridium tonduzii Schltr. 1910. Maxillaria alba (Hook.f.) Lindl., Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. 143. 1832. Dendrobium album Hook.f., Exot. Fl. t. 142. 1825. TYPE: Jamaica (Holotype: K). Broughtonia alba (Hook.f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3:735. 1826. Camaridium album (Hook.f.) Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Est. São Paulo, 2,4:72. 1947. ?Maxillaria hedyosma Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 42:131. 1925. Maxillaria alfaroi Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10:83--84. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, Carretera Fuentes, Alfaro 284 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria amabilis J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 9:239--41. 1994. TYPE: Costa Rica: Prov. Alajuela: Zona Protectora, Chayote, Llano Bonito, Naranjo, 1200 m, L. D. Gomez, G. Herrera, & W. Murillo 23979 (Holotype: MO; Isotypes: F, SEL). Maxillaria ampliflora C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 8:188. 1940. Camaridium grandiflorum Ames, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 34:149--150. 1921. TYPE: Panama, Chiriquí, east of the Rio Caldera, Killip 3565 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: US). Not Camaridium grandiflorum Schltr. not Maxillaria grandiflora Lindl. Maxillaria anceps Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10:84. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma A. M. Brenes (133) 463 (Holotype: AMES, photo; Isotype: CR). Not Ornithidium anceps Rchb.f. Maxillaria angustisegmenta Ames, Hubbard & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10:86--87. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, A. M. Brenes (132)462 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria endresii Rchb.f. var. angustisegmenta (Ames, Hubbard & C.Schweinf.) C.Schweinf., nom. Maxillaria luteoalba of authors, not Lindl. Maxillaria angustissima Ames & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3:41. 1934. Maxillaria acutifolia Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:229--230. 1923 (not Lindl., 1839). TYPE: Costa Rica, San Ramon, A. M. Brenes 235 (Holotype: B, destroyed; Drawing of type: AMES), Brenes 173(504) (AMES). Maxillaria appendiculoides C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 4:119--121. 1937. TYPE: Hills of San Pedro de San Ramon, Brenes (239) 1427 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: NY) Maxillaria arachnitiflora Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10:87--89. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, Navarro, C. H. Lankester 1212 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria attenuata Ames & C. Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10:89--90. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, Brenes 512, (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: NY). Maxillaria bicallosa (Rchb.f.) Garay, Caldasia 8:527. 1962. Zygopetalum bicallosum Rchb.f., Otia Bot. Hamb. 1:9. 1878. TYPE: Ecuador, near Guayaquil, Lehmann (Holotype: W). Kefersteinia bicallosa (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. Otia Bot. Hamb. 1:31. 1878. Maxillaria biolleyi (Schltr.) L.O.Williams., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:425. 1941. Ornithidium biolleyi Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9:29--30. 1910. TYPE: Costa Rica, near San José, Biolley 1052 (Drawing of type: AMES). Maxillaria brachybulbon Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19:55. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Jeronimo, Wercklé 23 (Drawing of type: AMES). Maxillaria bracteata (Schltr.) Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:14. 1943. Ornithidium bracteatum Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9:217--218. 1911. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, Tonduz 12344 (Lectotype: US). Camaridium bracteatum (Schltr.) Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:57. 1923. Maxillaria vagans Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8:65--66. 1925. TYPE: Panama, Chiriquí, Powell 348 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria bradeorum (Schltr.) L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:425. 1941. Camaridium bradeorum Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:141--143. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, (Photo of type: AMES). Maxillaria semiorbicularis Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8:64--65. 1925. TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov. San José, La Hondura, Standley 36247 (Holotype: AMES) Maxillaria brevilabia Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:15. 1943. Fig. 1. Ornithidium alfaroi Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10:98. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Fuente, Alfaro 227 (Holotype: AMES). Not Maxillaria alfaroi Ames & C.Schweinf. 1930. Maxillaria brunnea Linden & Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2:281. 1854. TYPE: Colombia, Ocaña, Schlim 1161 (Holotype: W). ?Maxillaria porrecta Lindl., Bot. Reg. 24: misc. 92. 1838. TYPE: Brazil(?), 'Rio Janeiro', Loddiges s.n., (Holotype: K). Maxillaria trinitatis Ames, Sched. Orch. 2:34--35. 1923. TYPE: Trinidad, B.W.I., Heights of Aripo, W.E.Broadway 9890, (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria brenesii Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:56, 231--232. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Pedro de San Ramón, Brenes 78 (Lectotype: CR; Isolectotype: AMES). Maxillaria burgeri J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 9:233--236. 1994. TYPE: Costa Rica. Prov. Heredia: southern slope of Volcán Barba at 2200 m, W. C. Burger & Robert G. Stolze 6062 (Holotype: F; Isotype: MO). Maxillaria caespitifica Rchb.f., Linnaea 41:73. 1877. TYPE: Costa Rica, Endres (Holotype: W). Maxillaria camaridii Rchb.f., Hamburger Garten-Blumenzeitung 19:547. 1863. Basionym: Camaridium ochroleucum Lindl., Bot. Reg. 10: t. 844. 1824. TYPE: Trinidad, Woodford. Cymbidium ochroleucum Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl. 168. 1833. Camaridium affine Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:72--73. 1922. TYPE: Panama, on hills near Panama City. Powell 7 (Isotype: AMES). Not Maxillaria ochroleucum Lodd. ex Lindl. Maxillaria campanulata C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 5:94--95. 1938. TYPE: Costa Rica, Jiménez 315 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria cedralensis J.T.Atwood & D.E.Mora, Selbyana (in press). TYPE: COSTA RICA. Prov. San José, Cedral, 2000 m elev., Apr 1990, D. E. Mora B-35 (Holotype: USJ). Maxillaria chartacifolia Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10:92. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, La Tejona, north of Tilaran P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 45989 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria chionantha J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 16:242. 1995. TYPE: Panama. Prov. Veraguas: Vicinity of Continental Divide, third branch of Río Santa María to drop-off to lowlands, R. L. Dressler 4839 (Holotype: SEL). Maxillaria concavilabia Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:15. 1943. Fig. 2. Ornithidium stenophyllum Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:59. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Jeronimo, Wercklé 109 (Drawing of type: AMES). Not Maxillaria stenophylla Rchb.f. 1854. Not Maxillaria stenophylla F. Lehm. & Kraenzl. 1899. Maxillaria conduplicata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29:348. 1942. Ornithidium conduplicatum Ames & C.Schweinf. Sched. Orch. 8:66--68. 1925. TYPE: Panama, Chiriquí, Powell 341 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria confusa Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8:57--58. 1925. TYPE: Costa Rica, Peralta, Lankester 908 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria costaricensis Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:232--233. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, District of Volis in San Ramón, 1050 m, Brenes 237 (Lectotype: CR, not seen; Isotypes: AMES, NY). Maxillaria crassifolia (Lindl.) Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2:16. 1854. Heterotaxis crassifolia Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg.12: t. 1028. 1826. TYPE: Jamaica, J. Lee (Holotype: K). Dicrypta crassifolia (Lindl.) Lindl. ex Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 3:536. 1839. Epidendrum sessile Sw., Prodr. Ind. Occ. 122. 1788. TYPE: Jamaica (Holotype: BM, not seen). Maxillaria sessilis (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jamaica 1:120. 1910, not Maxillaria sessilis Lindl., 1845. Dicrypta baueri Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch. t. 44. 1830. TYPE: Jamaica. Maxillaria cryptobulbon Carnevali & J.T.Atwood, Novon 1:159--162. 1991. TYPE: Ecuador, Morona-Santiago, Serranía de Cutucú, Ackerman 1041, based on Madison s.n. (Holotype: SEL). Maxillaria ctenostachya Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 39. 1870. Costa Rica, Veitch (Holotype: W). Camaridium arachnites Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:73--74. 1922. TYPE: Panama, Chiriquí, Powell 210 (Isotypes (5 sheets): AMES). Maxillaria dendrobioides (Schltr.) L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27:283. 1940. Camaridium dendrobioides Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralb. 36:415. 1918. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Ramón, 1500--1600 m, Tonduz 17620 (Holotype: CR). Camaridium jimenezii Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralb. 36:416. 1918. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, Wercklé 855 (Holotype: CR). ?Camaridium simile Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:239. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Ramón, alt. 1025 m, Brenes (VII) 64 (Isotype: NY). Maxillaria dichotoma (Schltr.) L.O.Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 9:15. 1940. Camaridium dichotomum Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8:98. 1921. TYPE: Pincincha, In regione subtropica vallis Nanegal, Sodiro 94 (not found). Maxillaria paleata of authors, not (Rchb.f.) Ames & Correll. Maxillaria diuturna Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8:58. 1925. TYPE: Panama, C. W. Powell 376 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria dressleriana Carnevali & J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 11:29--31. 1996. TYPE: Panama, Chiriquí, flowered in cultavation at the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, 3 Jan 1995,Carnevali 3858 (Holotype: SEL; Isotypes: AMES, INB, MO) Maxillaria elatior (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6:532. 1863. Dicrypta elatior Rchb.f., Linnaea 18:403. 1844. TYPE: Guatemala, Quezaltenango, Leibold 14 (not seen). ?Camaridium xylobiichilum Kraenzl., Vidensk. Medd. Nat. Copenhagen 71:174. 1920. TYPE: Locality unknown (Drawing of type: AMES). Maxillaria triangularis Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 31: Misc., p. 9. 1845. TYPE: Guatemala Hartweg s.n. (Holotype: K). Maxillaria albertii Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:229. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Rio Jesus de San Ramon, Brenes 257 (Lectotype: CR; Isotype: AMES). Maxillaria endresii Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 26:680. 1886. TYPE: Costa Rica, Edward Low s.n. (Holotype: W). Maxillaria exaltata (Kraenzl.) C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:272. 1945. Camaridium exaltatum Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 386--387. 1906. TYPE: Peru: Dept. of Loreto, mountains east of Moyobamba, Weberbauer 4620 (Photo of type: AMES). Maxillaria falcata Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:15. 1943. Ornithidium costaricense Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8:456. 1910. TYPE: Costa Rica, Pittier (Tonduz?) 2177 (AMES 24213) Not Maxillaria costaricensis Schltr. Maxillaria flava Ames, Hubbard & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3:41. 1934. Ornithidium ramonense Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:243--244. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Pedro de San Ramón, Brenes 137 (Phototype: AMES). Not Maxillaria ramonensis Schltr. Maxillaria friedrichsthalii Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10:858. 1852. TYPE: Guatemala, Chontales, in Monte Aragua, Friedrichsthal (Isotype: AMES). Maxillaria turialbae Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36:414--415. 1918. TYPE: Costa Rica, Turialba, F. C. Lehmann 1098 (Drawing of type: AMES). Maxillaria fulgens (Rchb.f.) L.O.Williams, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 28:425. 1941. Ornithidium fulgens Rchb.f., Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 76. 1866. TYPE: Costa Rica, "Naranjo", Wendland. (Holotype: W; Phototype: AMES). Maxillaria gomeziana J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 11:202-204.1996. TYPE: COSTA RICA. Prov. Puntarenas, Coto Brus, 1600 m elev. March 1995, Atwood, C. & J. Luer ex Atwood 5052 (Holotype: SEL). Maxillaria haberi J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 16:245. 1995. TYPE: COSTA RICA. Prov. Heredia: Forest between Río Peje and Río Sardinalito, Atlantic slope of Volcán Barva, 700--750 m, 4 Apr 1986, M H. Grayum 6769 (Holotype: CR). Maxillaria hedwigiae Hamer & Dodson, Ic. Pl. Trop. 8: t. 800. 1982. TYPE: Guatemala, Río Dulce, near Lake Isabal, Hamer A 161 (Holotype: SEL). Maxillaria horichii Senghas, Orchidee (Hamburg) 28:13. 1977. Fig. 3. TYPE: Costa Rica, "near Sisicá, between La Palma de San Isidro del General and Playa Dominica," Horich s.n. (Holotype: HEID, not seen). Sepalosaccus horichii (Senghas) Senghas, Orchideen 29:1745. 1994. Maxillaria inaudita Rchb.f., Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 76. 1866. TYPE: Costa Rica, Cartago, Wendland s.n. (Holotype: W). Maxillaria lankesteri Ames, Sched. Orch. 7:11--12. 1924. TYPE: Costa Rica, Lankester 508 (Holotype: AMES). Ornithidium aurantiacum Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:241. 1923. Costa Rica, San Pedro de San Ramón, Brenes 129 (Drawing of type: AMES). Not Maxillaria aurantiaca A. Rich. & Gal. Maxillaria linearifolia Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10:95--96. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Ramon, A. M. Brenes (19)314 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria longiloba (Ames & C.Schweinf.) J.T.Atwood, Ic. Pl. Trop. 16: t. 1562. 1993. Basionym: Maxillaria brenesii Schltr. var. longiloba Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10:90--91. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov. of Heredia, Yerba Buena, Northeast of San Isidro. Standley & Valerio 49104 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: US). Maxillaria longipetiolata Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8:61--62. 1925. TYPE: Panama, Hill east of Corozal, Powell 307 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria lueri Dodson, Icon. Pl. Trop. 2: plate 155. 1980. TYPE: Ecuador, Pichincha, alt. 300 m, Dodson & Luer 6800 (SEL). Maxillaria maleolens Schltr. Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:233. 1933. TYPE: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Brenes 281 (Lectotype: CR). Maxillaria meridensis Lindl., Orch. Linden 19:No. 100. 1846. TYPE: Venezuela, near Merida, at 6000 ft. elev., Linden, s.n. (Holotype: K). Maxillaria microphyton Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8:457. 1910. TYPE: Costa Rica, in forests of La Palma, Tonduz 9670 (Isotype: US). Ornithidium parvulum Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9:206. 1911. [based on same collection as M. microphyton]. Ornithidium pallidiflavum Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:143, 242--243. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Pedro de San Ramón, alt. 1075 m, Brenes 135, (Isotype: AMES). Maxillaria pallidiflava (Schltr.) Senghas, Orchidaceen 29:1751. 1994. Maxillaria minor (Schltr.) L.O.Williams, Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 10:273. 1942. Camaridium minus Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2:417. 1918. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, C. Wercklé (Holotype: CR?; Drawing of type: AMES). Maxillaria monteverdensis J.T.Atwood & G.Barboza, Lindleyana 9:241--242. TYPE: Costa Rica, Intersection of Provinces Alajuela, Guanacaste, and Puntarenas, Monteverde Reserve, Atwood 89-33 (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: CR). Maxillaria moralesii Carnevali & J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 11:31--32. 1996. TYPE: Costa Rica, Alajuela, Río Angel, flowered in cultivation at Missouri Botanical Garden 25 Dec. 1994, Carnevali & Morales 3841 (Holotype: INB; Isotype: SEL). Maxillaria muscoides J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 9:236. 1994. TYPE. Costa Rica, Cerros el Humo de Pejivalle in the zone of Turrialba, Dodson 2526 (Holotype: SEL). Maxillaria nasuta Rchb.f., Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 104. 1866. TYPE: Colombia, Lasita (Holotype: W; Isotype: K). Maxillaria nasalis Rchb.f., Saund. Ref. Bot. 2: t. 102. 1872. TYPE: Costa Rica, Endres 266 (Holotype: W). Maxillaria brevipedunculata Ames & C.Schweinf. Sched. Orch. 10:91. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, Toro Amarillo, A. Alfaro 190 (Holotype: US, Photo of type: AMES). Maxillaria neglecta (Schltr.) L.O.Williams, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29:348. 1942. Fig. 4. Ornithidium neglectum Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:242. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, A. M. Brenes 164 ex R.Schlechter (pressed from cultivated material) (Drawing of type: AMES). Not Scaphyglottis pendula Poeppig & Endl. sensu Brieger. Maxillaria nicaraguensis (Hamer & Garay) J.T.Atwood, Selbyana 10:60--62. 1988. Neourbania nicaraguensis Hamer & Garay, Icon. Pl. Trop. Fasc. 13, t. 1238. 1985. TYPE: Nicaragua, Dept. Chontales, A. H. Heller 7057 (Lectotype: SEL; Isotypes: SEL, AMES). Maxillaria cf. obscura Lind. & Rchb.f., Beitr. Orchid.-K.C.Amer. 31--32, t. 6. 1866. TYPE: Columbia. Maxillaria oreocharis Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:69. 1922. TYPE: Panama, Chiriqui, Powell 256 (Isotype: AMES). Maxillaria pachyacron Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9:165. 1911. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, A. Tonduz 9681 (Isotype: AMES). Maxillaria paleata (Rchb.f.) Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:15. 1943. Ornithidium paleatum Rchb.f., Linnaea 41:36. 1877. TYPE: Central America (Holotype: W). Camaridium wrightii Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16:448. 1920. TYPE: Nicaragua, Wright s.n. (Isotype: AMES). Maxillaria wrightii (Schltr.) Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:18. 1943. Maxillaria parviflora (Poeppig & Endl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 21:258. 1967. Scaphyglottis parviflora Poeppig & Endl., Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1:58, t. 1836. TYPE: Peru, Cuchero, Poeppig (Holotype: W). Ornithidium confertum Griseb., Fl. Br. W. Ind. Isl. 626. 1864. TYPE: Trinidad; Cuba, Wright 650 (GOET; USF). Maxillaria conferta (Griseb.) C.Schweinf. ex Leon, Contrib. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Coleg. de la Salle 8:395. 1946. Ornithidium chloroleucum Barb.Rodr., Gen. et Spec. Orch. Nov. 2:208. 1882. TYPE: Brazil. Pseudomaxillaria chloroleuca (Barb.Rodr.) Hoehne, Arquiv. Bot. Estad. S. Paulo 2:72. 1947. Maxillaria simulans Ames & C.Schweinf. Sched. Orch. 10: 99, t. 1930. TYPE: Guatemala, Tuerckheim 8302 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria parvilabia Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 8: 62--64. 1925. TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov. of San José, La Palma, Standley 32939 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: US). Maxillaria piestopus Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:302. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Ramón. Tonduz s.n., May 1913 (destroyed, drawing at AMES). Maxillaria pittieri (Ames) L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29:349. 1942. Ornithidium pittieri Ames, Sched. Orch. 2:36--37. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Isidro de Heredia, Pittier 14048 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: US). Maxillaria planicola C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 8:188. 1940. Based on Camaridium latifolium Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:74. 1922. TYPE: Panama, on hills near Panama City, Powell 8 (Lectotype: AMES; Isolectotype: AMES). Maxillaria cf. ponerantha Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2:17. 1854. TYPE: Venezuela, around Caracas, Wagener s.n. (Holotype: W). Maxillaria pseudoneglecta J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 8:30--31. Ornithidium anceps Rchb.f., Beitr. Orchid.-K. C. Amer. 75--76. 1866. TYPE: Costa Rica, Cartago, Wendland s.n. (Holotype: W). Not Maxillaria anceps Ames & C.Schweinf. 1930. Maxillaria punctostriata Rchb.f., Linnaea 41:23. 1877. TYPE: Costa Rica, Low s.n. (Holotype: W). Maxillaria rubrilabia Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:236. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Ramón, 1050 m, Brenes 151 (destroyed); Todzia 334 (Neotype: F). Maxillaria quadrata Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 6:16. 1943. Ornithidium lankesteri Ames, Sched. Orch. 4:52--53. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Cristobal, Lankester & Sancho 421 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria ramonensis Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:235. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, Santiago de San Ramón. Brenes 154 (Lectotype: CR; Isolectotype: AMES). Maxillaria brevipes Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:302. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, Wercklé 110 (Photo of type: AMES). Maxillaria reichenheimiana Endres & Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1678. 1871. TYPE: Costa Rica, M. Endres (Holotype: W). Maxillaria ringens Rchb.f., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6:523. 1863. TYPE: Costa Rica, Endres 8 (W). ?M. yzabalana S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23:266. 1888. M. tuerckheimii Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10:295--296. 1912. TYPE: Guatemala, Cubilguitz, von Türckheim 790 (Drawing of type: AMES). ?M. rouseauae Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2):413--414. 1918. TYPE: Panama, "Im Gebiete des Panama-Kanals", Rouseau, s.n., Powell 115. M. pubilabia Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:70--71. 1922. TYPE: Panama, "Auf Hügeln bei Panama City", Powell 214 (Lectotype: AMES; Isolectotype: MO). M. amparoana Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:54--55. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, Carillo, Wercklé 7. M. lactea Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:233. 1923, not 1925. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Mateo, Brenes 143 (Isotype: AMES). Maxillaria rodrigueziana Atwood & Mora-Retana, Icon. Pl. Trop. 14: t.1361. 1989. TYPE: Panama, El Cope, T. Antonio 2137 (Holotype: MO; Isotype: SEL). Maxillaria sanguinea Rolfe, in Bull. Misc. Inform. 1895:8. TYPE: Panama, Chiriqui, James O'Brien s.n. (Holotype: K) Maxillaria schistostele Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:303--304. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, near San Ramón, Acosta s.n. (Photo of type: AMES). Maxillaria schlechteriana J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 9:231. 1994. Basionym: Camaridium imbricatum Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36:415--416. 1918. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, Wercklé (Isotype: AMES). Ornithidium schlechterianum C.Schweinf., nom. illeg., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 4:94. 1937. Maxillaria wrightii (Schltr.) Ames & Correll var. imbricata (Schltr.) Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:18. 1943. Not Maxillaria imbricata Barb.Rodr. Maxillaria scorpioidea Kraenzl., Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 46:71. 1911. TYPE: Brazil, Matto Grosso. ?Maxillaria rhodosticta Kraenzl., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24:223. 1928. TYPE: Mexico. Maxillaria serrulata Ames & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:16. 1943. Camaridium amparoanum Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:56--57. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Jeronimo, Wercklé 122 (Drawing of type: AMES). Maxillaria sigmoidea (C.Schweinf.) Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:16. 1943. Ornithidium sigmoideum C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 4:121--122. 1937. TYPE: Costa Rica, Cerro Gallito, Valerio 72 (Holotype: AMES). Maxillaria strumata (Endres & Rchb.f.) Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. II:17. 1943. Ornithidium strumatum Endres & Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 2:772. 1874. TYPE: Costa Rica, Endres 281 (Holotype: W; Isotype: AMES). Sepalosaccus strumatum (Endr. & Rchb.f.) Garay, Caldasia 8:525. 1962. Sepalosaccus humilis Schltr. Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:244--246. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Pedro de San Ramón, Brenes 130 (Lectotype: AMES). Maxillaria suaveolens Barringer, Brittonia 37(1) 44--46. 1985. TYPE: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Esquinas forest, area between the Rio Esquinas and Palmar, P. H. Allen 5323 (Holotype: F; Isotypes: MO, NY, SEL). Maxillaria tenuifolia Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 23: sub. t. 1986. 1837. TYPE: Mexico, Veracruz, Hartweg. ?Maxillaria gracilifolia Kraenzl., Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 6:420. 1927. Maxillaria tigrina C.Schweinf., Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 37:409--410. 1968. TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov. of Heredia, R. T. Northen s.n. (Holotype: AMES). Chrysocycnis tigrinum (C.Schweinf.) Atwood, Icon. Pl. Trop. 14: Pl. 1306. 1989. Maxillaria tonduzii (Schltr.) Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 11:17. 1943. Camaridium costaricense Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3:250. 1907. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, Tonduz 12429 (Isotypes: US 577589, US 815052, US 815053; Drawing of type: AMES). Camaridium tonduzii Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8:571. 1910. TYPE: Costa Rica, Tonduz 12429 [Note: same collection as for Camaridium costaricense Schltr.]. Maxillaria heidelbergensis Senghas, nom. illeg. Orchidaceen (ed. 3) 29:1751. 1994. Maxillaria trilobata Ames & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11:17. 1943. Camaridium brenesii Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:237. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Ramon, Brenes 233 (Phototype: AMES). Maxillaria tubercularis J.T.Atwood, Lindleyana 9:229,231. TYPE: Panama, Chiriquí, Fortuna Dam region, along trail to Cerro Hornito (Pate de Macho), McPherson 13567 (Holotype: MO). Maxillaria umbratilis L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:425. 1941. Camaridium nutantiflorum Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2:417. 1918. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, C. Wercklé (Isotype: CR). Camaridium vinosum Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:240. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Ramon, A. M. Brenes 234 (Lectotype: CR; Isolectotypes: AMES, NY). Maxillaria vinosa (Schltr.) Senghas, Orchidaceen (ed. 3) 29:1751. 1994. Not Maxillaria nutantiflora Schltr., nor Camaridium vinosum Rolfe. Maxillaria uncata Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 23: sub t. 1986. 1837. TYPE: Guiana, Loddiges s.n. (Holotype: K). Camaridium uncatum (Lindl.) Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Est. Sao Paulo 6:127. 1952. Maxillaria macleei Bateman ex Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 26: misc. 70. 1840. TYPE: Guatemala. Maxillaria nana J. D. Hook., Ic. Pl. t. 315. 1841. TYPE: Guiana, C. S. Parker. Maxillaria squamata Barb.Rodr., Gen. & Sp. Orch. Nov. 1:118. 1877. TYPE: Brazil (illustration in Flora Brasiliensis 3(6):t. 24). Ornithidium squamatum (Barb.Rodr.) Barb. Rodr, Gen. & Sp. Orch. Nov. 2:209. 1882. Camaridium squamatum (Barb.Rodr.) Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Est. Sao Paulo 2:72. 1947. Maxillaria stenostele Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2:414. 1918. TYPE: Costa Rica, Rio Sucio, F. C. Lehmann 1236 (Holotype B, destroyed). Maxillaria striatella Kraenzl., Feddes. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24:359. 1928. TYPE: Guatemala. Maxillaria vaginalis Rchb.f., Beitr. Orchid.-K. C. Amer. 77. 1866. TYPE: Costa Rica, Desengaño, Wendland 1247 (Holotype: W). Camaridium wercklei Schltr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:58--59. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Cristobal, Wercklé 5 (Drawing of type: AMES) Maxillaria valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34:121. 1907. Pleurothallis valenzuelana A. Rich., Sagra, Hist. fis. Cuba 11:234. 1850. TYPE: Cuba, Valenzuela, Wright 3314 (Holotype: P?). Marsupiaria valenzuelana (A. Rich.) Garay in Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 12: 183. 1952. Dicrypta iridifolia Bateman ex Rchb.f. Bonplandia 2:16. 1854. TYPE: Cuba, Poeppig (Holotype: W). Maxillaria iridifolia (Bateman ex Rchb.f.) Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2:16. 1854. Dicrypta irisphyta Barb.Rodr., Gen & Sp. Orch. Nov. 1:126. 1877. TYPE: Brazil, Minas Gerais (Martius, C. F. P. von et al. 1896. Flora brasiliensis 3(6): t. 17, fig. 2). Marsupiaria iridifolia Hoehne, Arq. Bot. Est. São Paulo n. s. 2, pt. 4:71. 1947. Maxillaria valerioi Ames & C.Schweinf., Sched. Orch. 10: 96--97. 1930. TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov. of Cartago, vicinity of Pejivalle, Standley & Valerio 46940 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: US). Maxillaria variabilis Bateman ex Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 23: sub. t. 1986. 1837. TYPE: Mexico. Maxillaria curtipes Hook. f., Ic. Pl. 4: t. 384. 1841. TYPE: Guatemala J. Parkinson (Holotype: K). ?Maxillaria chiriquensis Schltr. Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17:68. 1922. TYPE: Panama, Chiriqui, ca. 4000 ft., Powell 125 (Isotypes: AMES, US; drawing of type: AMES). Maxillaria vittariifolia L.O.Williams, Ceiba 4:38. 1953. TYPE: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, El General Valley C. H. Lankester 1581 (Holotype: US; Isotypes: AMES, SEL). Maxillaria linearis L.O.Williams, name, not M. linearis C.Schweinf. Maxillaria wercklei (Schltr.) L.O.Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27:284. 1940. TYPE: Costa Rica, San Pedro de San Ramón, Wercklé 61 (not found). |
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